![]() Some other molecular methods have been used in the classification of prokaryotes, such as multilocus sequencing typing (MLST), SDS-PAGE analysis of whole cell soluble proteins, secondary structure and signature nucleotides analysis of variable areas of the 16S rRNA gene. 16S rRNA gene was the best target molecule for studying the phylogenetic relationships because it is present in all the bacteria, functionally constant and composed of highly conserved as well as more variable regions. The advent of DNA amplification and sequencing techniques, in particular of the 16S rRNA gene, constituted the crucial criteria forward for determining the taxonomic status of prokaryotes, greatly increased the rate of discovering novel species and now routinely carried out as the first step in identifying novel organisms. Chemotaxonomy and DNA–DNA hybridization techniques were widely used subsequently. Later, physiological and biochemical properties of bacteria were also used for this purpose. ![]() ![]() Initially, taxon of actinobacteria is based on phenotypic markers such as morphology, growth requirements or pathogenic potential. ![]() ![]() Currently, the taxonomy and identification of prokaryotes rely on polyphasic combinations of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics. ![]()
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